پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 8 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 430 |
| تعداد مقالات | 5,589 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 7,005,149 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,987,855 |
بررسی آزمایشگاهی رفتار دیوارهای مرکب تحت بارگذاری عمود بر صفحه | ||
| نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر | ||
| مقاله 24، دوره 53، شماره 7، مهر 1400، صفحه 3129-3148 اصل مقاله (2.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22060/ceej.2020.17704.6651 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید صبوری قمی* 1؛ آرمان نصری2؛ یونس جهانی3 | ||
| 1------استاد تمام دانشکده مهندسی عمران دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی-------- | ||
| 2دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده مهندسی عمران دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی | ||
| 3دانشجوی دکتری، پلی تکنیک، ژیرونا، ژیرونا، اسپانیا | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از دیوارهای حائل در سازه‌های دارای گودبرداری عمیق امری ضروری می‌باشد. امروزه از سیستم دیوارهای بتن‌آرمه به عنوان سیستم مرسوم برای ساخت دیوارهای حائل استفاده می‌شود. این نوع دیوارها علی‌رغم مزایای مناسب‌شان، مشکلات و چالش‌های اجرایی مهمی دارند که از آن جمله می‌توان به قالب‌گذاری جهت بتن‌ریزی، گماردن شبکه‌های آرماتوری با تراکم بالا، سرعت پایین ساخت و درگیر شدن تعداد زیادی نیروی کار اشاره نمود. در این مطالعه جهت رفع مشکلات اجرایی دیوارهای بتن‌آرمه، سیستم دیوار مرکب جهت بکارگیری به عنوان دیوار حائل مطرح می‌گردد. در این دیوارها که از یک ورق کششی، برش‌گیر، بتن و شبکه آرماتور حرارتی تشکیل می‌شود، ورق هم نقش قالب و هم نقش آرماتور کششی را ایفا نموده و بدین ترتیب سرعت و سهولت اجرای ساخت دیوار افزایش می‌یابد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از 6 نمونه آزمایشگاهی به بررسی کامل این دیوارها تحت بار عمود بر صفحه پرداخته شده و اثر پارامترهای مختلف نظیر طول برش‌گیر، فاصله برش‌گیر، مقاومت بتن، استفاده از ورق فشاری و استفاده از آرماتور فشاری بر رفتار دیوارها بررسی شده است. از نتایج به دست آمده مشخص گردید که در صورت طراحی مناسب، دیوارهای مرکب تحت بار عمود بر صفحه، رفتار بسیار مناسب و شکل‌پذیر از خود بروز می‌دهند. همچنین مشاهده گردید حتی در صورت وجود نقایصی در سیستم دیوار مرکب، نظیر فاصله بسیار زیاد برش‌گیرها و طول کم برش‌گیرها، این دیوارها توانایی ایجاد رفتار نیمه‌شکل‌پذیر را دارا هستند. در انتها مقایسه‌ای بین نتایج حاصل از آزمایشات با نتایج حاصل از آیین‌نامه ACI 318-05 انجام شد. این مقایسه نشان داد که آیین‌نامه ACI ظرفیت دیوار مرکب را به صورت محافظه‌کارانه تخمین می‌زند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| دیوارهای حائل؛ سیستمهای مرکب؛ نمونههای آزمایشگاهی؛ بار عمود بر صفحه؛ مود شکست خمشی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Experimental Investigation of Composite (Steel-Concrete) Walls under Pure Out-of-plane Load | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saeid Sabouri-Ghomi1؛ Arman Nasri2؛ Younes Jahani3 | ||
| 1Professor / Civil Engineering Department / K.N Toosi University of Technology / Tehran , Iran | ||
| 2Civil Engineering Department, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 3Analysis and Advanced Materials for Structural Design (AMADE), Polytechnic School, University of Girona | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This paper presents a new structural system for retaining walls. In civil works, in general, there is a trend to use the traditional reinforced concrete (RC) retaining walls to resist soil pressure. Despite their good resistance, RC retaining walls have some disadvantages such as the need for huge temporary formworks, high dense reinforcing, low construction speed, etc. In the present work, a composite wall with only one steel plate (steel-concrete) was proposed to cover the disadvantages of the RC walls. In this system, a steel plate was utilized not only as tensile reinforcement but also as permanent formwork for the concrete. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed SC composite system, an experimental program that included six specimens was performed. In this experimental campaign, effects of different parameters such as length of shear connectors, use of compressive steel plate, concrete ultimate strength, the distance between shear connectors, and compressive steel reinforcement were investigated. The results showed that with proper design, the composite walls have very good and ductile behavior under out-of-plane loads. Furthermore, it was observed that even with a large distance between the shear connectors, a short length of the shear connectors, etc., this system is capable to keep the flexural performance and shows semi-ductile behavior. Furthermore, the design equations based on the ACI code for calculating out-of-plate flexural and shear strength of SC composite walls were presented and compared to the experimental database. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Composite wall system, Retaining wall, Experimental test, Flexural load, Out-of-plane load | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] Retaining and flood walls, American Society of Civil Engineers, United States. Army. Corps of Engineers , 4 (1994). [2] J. Yan, X. Wang, T. Wang T, Compressive behavior of normal weight concrete confined by the steel face plates in SCS sandwich wall, Constr Build Mater, 171 (2018) 437-454. [3] K. Sener, A. Varma, D. Ayhan, Steel-plate composite (SC) walls: Out-of-plane flexural behavior, database, and design, J Constr Steel Res, 108 (2015) 46-59. [4] Y. Qin, G. Shu, G. Zhou, J. Han, Compressive behavior of double skin composite wall with different plate thicknesses, J Constr Steel Res, 157 (2019) 297-313. [5] H. Akiyama, H. Sekimoto, M. Tanaka, K. Inoue, M. Fukihara, Y. Okuda, 1/10th scale model test of inner concrete structure composed of concrete filled steel bearing wall, In Transactions of the 10th international conference on structural mechanics in reactor technology (1989). [6] N. Sasaki, H. Akiyama, M. Narikawa, K. Hara, M. Takeuchi, S. Usami, Study on a concrete filled steel structure for nuclear power plants (part 3). Shear and bending loading tests on wall member (1995). [7] M. Takeuchi, M. Narikawa, I. Matsuo, K. Hara, S. Usami, Study on a concrete filled structure for nuclear power plants, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 179(2) (1998) 209-223. [8] T. Fujita, A. Funakoshi, S. Akita, N. Hayashi, I. Matsuo, H. Yamaya, Experimental study on a concrete filled steel structure Part. 16 Bending Shear Tests (Effect of Bending Strength), In Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, Architectural Institute of Japan (1998) 1125-1126. [9] JEAC-4618, Technical code for seismic design of steel plate reinforced concrete structures: buildings and structures, Tokyo, Japan, Japanese Electric Association Nuclear Standards Committee, (2009). [10] AISC N690-12s1, Specification for safety-related steel structures for nuclear facilities, supplement no. 1, public review draft, (2014). [11] S. Solomon, D. Smith, A. Cusens, Flexural tests of steel-concrete-steel sandwiches. Mag Concrete Res, 28(94) (1976) 13-20. [12] T. Oduyemi, H. Wright, An experimental investigation into the behavior of double-skin sandwich beams, J Constr Steel Res, 14(3) (1989)197-220. [13] H. Wright, T. Oduyemi, Partial interaction analysis of double skin composite beams, J Constr Steel Res, 19(4) (1991) 253-283. [14] J. Liew, K. Sohel, Lightweight steel–concrete–steel sandwich system with J-hook connectors, Eng Struct. 31(5) (2009) 1166-1178. [15] K. Sohel. J. Liew, Steel–Concrete–Steel sandwich slabs with lightweight core—Static performance, Eng Struct, 33(3) (2011) 981-992. [16] N. Subedi, N. Coyle, Improving the strength of fully composite steel-concrete-steel beam elements by increased surface roughness—an experimental study, Eng Struct, 24(10) (2002) 1349-1355. [17] G. Vasdravellis, B. Uy, E. Tan, B. Kirkland, Behavior and design of composite beams subjected to negative bending and compression, J Constr Steel Res, 79 (2012) 34-47. [18] M. Xie M, N. Foundoukos, J. Chapman, Static tests on steel–concrete–steel sandwich beams, J Constr Steel Res, 63(6) (2007 )735-750. [19] M. Xie, N. Foundoukos, J. Chapman, Experimental and numerical investigation on the shear behavior of friction-welded bar–plate connections embedded in concrete, J Constr Steel Res, 61(5) (2005) 625-649. [20] O. Dogan, T. Roberts, Comparing experimental deformations of steel-concrete-steel sandwich beams with full and partial interaction theories, Int J of Phys Sci, 5(10) (2010) 1544-1557. [21] Y. Wang, J. Liew, S Lee, Theoretical models for axially restrained steel-concrete-steel sandwich panels under blast loading, International Journal of Impact Engineering 76 (2015) 221-231. [22] K. Sener, A. Varma, J. Seo, Experimental and numerical investigation of the shear behavior of steel-plate composite (SC) beams without shear reinforcement, Eng Struct, 127 (2016) 495-509. [23] K. Sener, A. Varma, Steel-plate composite walls: Experimental database and design for out-of-plane shear, J Constr Steel Res, 100 (2014)197-210. [24] J. Yan, J. Liew, M. Zhang, K. Sohel, Experimental and analytical study on ultimate strength behavior of steel–concrete–steel sandwich composite beam structures. Mater Struct, 48(5) (2015) 1523-1544. [25] J. Yan, J. Liew, M. Zhang, Tensile resistance of J-hook connectors used in Steel-Concrete-Steel sandwich structure, J Constr Steel Res, 100 (2014)146-62. [26] J. Yan, Z. Wang, T. Wang, X, Wang, Shear and tensile behaviors of headed stud connectors in double skin composite shear wall, Steel Compos Struct, 26(6) (2018) 759-769. [27] J. Yan, J. Liew, Design and behavior of steel–concrete–steel sandwich plates subject to concentrated loads, Compos Struct, 150 (2016) 139-152. [28] J. Turmo, J Lozano, E. Mirambell, D. Xu, Modeling composite beams with partial interaction, J Constr Steel Res, 114 (2015) 380-393. [29] S. Sabouri, Y. Jahani, A. Bhowmick, Partial interaction theory to analyze composite (steel–concrete) shear wall systems under pure out-of-plane loadings, Thin-Walled Structures 104 (2016) 211-224. [30] E. Kurt, A. Varma, P. Booth, A. Whittaker, In-plane behavior and design of rectangular SC wall piers without boundary elements. J Struct Eng, 142(6) (2016) 04016026. [31] Q. Zhao, A. Astaneh, Cyclic behavior of traditional and innovative composite shear walls, J Struct Eng, 130(2) (2004) 271-284. [32] W. Zhao, Q. Guo, Z. Huang, L. Tan, J. Chen, Y. Ye, Hysteretic model for steel–concrete composite shear walls subjected to in-plane cyclic loading, Eng Struct, 106 (2016) 461-470. [33] X. Ji, X. Cheng, X. Jia, A. Varma, Cyclic in-plane shear behavior of double-skin composite walls in high-rise buildings. J Struct Eng, 143(6) (2017) 04017025. [34] S. Epackachi, A. Whittaker, A. Aref, Seismic analysis and design of steel-plate concrete composite shear wall piers, Eng Struct, 133 (2017) 105-123. [35] S. Epackachi, N. Nguyen, E. Kurt, A. Whittaker, A. Varma, In-plane seismic behavior of rectangular steel-plate composite wall piers, J Struct Eng, 141(7) (2014) 04014176. [36] S. Epackachi, A. Whittaker, A. Varma, E. Kurt, Finite element modeling of steel-plate concrete composite wall piers, Eng Struct, 100 (2015) 369-384 [37] Z. Huang, J. Liew, Compressive resistance of steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite walls with J-hook connectors, J Constr Steel Res, 124: (2016)142-162. [38] Y. Qin, Y. Li, Y. Su, X. Lan, Y. Wu, X. Wang, Compressive behavior of profiled double skin composite wall. Steel Compos Struct, 30(5) (2019) 405-416. [39] Y. Qin, G. Shu, X. Zhou, J. Han, Y. He, Height-thickness ratio on axial behavior of composite wall with truss connector, Steel Compos Struct, 30(4) (2019) 315-325. [40] ACI 318-05, Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary –ACI 318R-05, American concrete institute, Farming Hills, MI, USA (2005). [41] AWS, Structural Welding Code—Steel. American Welding Society (AWS), D1 Committee on Structural Welding (2010). [42] K. Zhang, A. Varma, S. Malushte, S. Gallocher, Effect of shear connectors on local buckling and composite action in steel concrete composite walls, Nucl. Eng, 269 (2014) 231-239. [43] Eurocode 4, Design of composite steel and concrete structures–Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges. SòTN Bratislava [44] A. Varma, K. Sener, K. Zhang, K. Coogler, S. Malushte, Out-of-plane shear behavior of SC composite structures, International Association for Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology. (2011). | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 858 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 895 |
||