پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 9 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 446 |
| تعداد مقالات | 5,719 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 8,018,486 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,527,293 |
بررسی رفتار مهندسی خاکهای مارنی تحت تأثیر رژیمهای حرارتی و pHهای متفاوت از منظر ریز ساختاری | ||
| نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر | ||
| دوره 56، شماره 3، 1403، صفحه 279-300 اصل مقاله (2.07 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22060/ceej.2024.22888.8067 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد امیری* 1؛ مسعود دهقانی2؛ امید جعفری2 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران، | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| استفاده از خاکهای رسی بهعنوان پوشش محافظ در دفن زبالههای سطح بالا از جمله مواردی است که رس تحت رژیمهای حرارتی متوسط تا زیاد قرار میگیرد. مارنها از جمله نهشتههای رسوبی هستند که از کانیهای رسی و کربنات کلسیم تشکیل شدهاند. مجاورت خاک با آلودگی ناشی از مراکز دفن زباله موجب تغییر pH آن میشود. از سوی دیگر به دلیل پتانسیل تولید حرارت توسط زبالههای سطح بالا، پوشش رسی مورد استفاده در معرض رژیمهای حرارتی مختلف قرار میگیرد که منجر به تغییر مشخصات فیزیکی، مکانیکی و ریزساختاری آن میشود. بر این اساس هدف این مقاله بررسی تأثیر همزمان تغییرات pH و رژیمهای حرارتی در مراکز دفن زباله سطح بالا است. در پژوهش حاضر تأثیر توأم pH و حرارت بر رفتار خاک مارن با استفاده از آزمایشهای مقاومت فشاری محدود نشده، افت وزنی و حدود اتربرگ، تعیین مقدار کربنات توسط تیتراسیون، پراش اشعه ایکس (XRD) و تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور جهت تغییر pH از محلول اسید کلریک (HCl) و محلول سدیم هیدروکسید (NaOH) استفاده شده است. بعد از ثابت شدن pH خاک مارن در مقادیر4، 6، 8، 11 و 13 نمونهها در گرمخانه خشک شده، سپس به مدت 2 ساعت در معرض سطوح حرارتی 25، 100، 300، 500، 700 و 900 درجه سلسیوس قرار گرفته است. از مهمترین نتایج این پژوهش خارج شدن کربنات در شرایط اسیدی و تغییرات برجسته خصوصیات مهندسی خاک مارن در محدوده حرارتی°C500 تا °C900 است. کانی پالیگورسکایت در محیط اسیدی و قلیایی پایدار و در دمای°C700 با وقوع دیهیدروکسیلاسیون تخریب میشود. از طرفی حذف کربنات در محیط اسیدی منجر به افزایش خواص خمیری و تغییر طبقهبندی خاک مارن از رس با دامنه خمیری کم (CL) به رس با دامنه خمیری زیاد (CH) شده است. با کاهش pH و افزایش دما، مقاومت فشاری افزایش یافته است، به نحوی که در 4= pH مقاومت فشاری به MPa 0/3 افزایش یافته است. از سوی دیگر در دمای °C 700 مقاومت فشاری خاک مارن طبیعی به 10/96 افزایش یافته است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| رژیم حرارتی؛ pH؛ مراکز دفن زباله سطح بالا؛ افت وزنی؛ تیتراسیون؛ تغییرات ریزساختاری | ||
| موضوعات | ||
| ژئو تکنیک زیست محیطی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the engineering behavior of marl soils under the influence of thermal regimes and different pHs from a microstructural perspective | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Amiri1؛ Masoud Dehghani2؛ Omid Jafar2 | ||
| 1Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Hormozgan, Iran | ||
| 2Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Hormozgan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Proximity of soil with pollution caused by landfills changes its pH. On the other hand, due to the heat generation potential of high-level waste, the used clay coating is exposed to different thermal regimes, which leads to changes in its physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics. Based on this, This article aims to investigate the simultaneous effect of pH changes and thermal regimes in high-level waste disposal centers. In this study, the combined effect of pH and temperature on the behavior of marl soil was evaluated using unconfined compressive strength tests, weight loss, and Atterberg limits, determination of carbonate amount by titration, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. For this purpose, hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions have been used to change the pH. After the pH of the marl soil was fixed at 4, 6, 8.3, 11, and 13, the samples were dried in the oven, then exposed to the thermal levels of 25, 100, 300, 500, 700, and 900 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. One of the most important results of this research is the removal of carbonate in acidic conditions and prominent changes in the engineering characteristics of marl soil in the thermal range of 500 ℃ to 900 ℃. Palygorskite mineral is destroyed in the stable acidic and alkaline environment at 700 ℃ with the occurrence of dihydroxylation. On the other hand, the removal of carbonate in an acidic environment has led to an increase in plasticity properties and a change in the classification of marl soil. As the pH decreases and the temperature increases, the compressive strength increases. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Marl soil, pH, Thermal stabilization, unconfined compressive strength, SEM & XRD microstructural studies | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] G. Spagnoli, D. Rubinos, H. Stanjek, T. Fernández-Steeger, M. Feinendegen, R. Azzam, Undrained shear strength of clays as modified by pH variations, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 71(1) (2012) 135-148. [2] B.K. Dahal, S. Pokharel, S. Basnet, U. Dahal, S.K. Sah, S. Neopane, S. Adhikari, S. Timalsina, Effects of Pore Fluid's pH on the Physico-Mechanical Behavior of High Plasticity Silt, Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology (EEET), 24(8) (2023). [3] J. Abedi Koupai, M. Fatahizadeh, M.R. Mosaddeghi, Effect of pore water pH on mechanical properties of clay soil, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79 (2020) 1461-1469. [4] D. Saidi, Importance and role of cation exchange capacity on the physicals properties of the Cheliff saline soils (Algeria), Procedia Engineering, 33 (2012) 435-449. [5] F. Lamas, C. Irigaray, J. Chacón, Geotechnical characterization of carbonate marls for the construction of impermeable dam cores, Engineering geology, 66(3-4) (2002) 283-294. [6] E.B. Khoshbakht, A.H. Vakili, M.S. Farhadi, M. Salimi, Reducing the negative impact of freezing and thawing cycles on marl by means of the electrokinetical injection of calcium chloride, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 157 (2019) 196-205. [7] M. Amiri, B. Kalantari, M. Dehghanih, F. Porhonar, M. Papi, R. Salehian, S. Taheri, Microstructural Investigation of Changes in Engineering Properties of Heated Lime-Stabilized Marl Soil, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, (2021) 1-29. [8] J. Cui, Z. Zhang, F. Han, Effects of pH on the gel properties of montmorillonite, palygorskite and montmorillonite-palygorskite composite clay, Applied Clay Science, 190 (2020) 105543. [9] P.-Y. Lin, H.-M. Wu, S.-L. Hsieh, J.-S. Li, C. Dong, C.-W. Chen, S. Hsieh, Preparation of vaterite calcium carbonate granules from discarded oyster shells as an adsorbent for heavy metal ions removal, Chemosphere, 254 (2020) 126903. [10] I. Gratchev, I. Towhata, Compressibility of soils containing kaolinite in acidic environments, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20 (2016) 623-630. [11] Z. Bakhshipour, A. Asadi, B.B. Huat, A. Sridharan, S. Kawasaki, Effect of acid rain on geotechnical properties of residual soils, Soils and foundations, 56(6) (2016) 1008-1020. [12] Z. Zeng, J. Shao, D.a. Sun, H. Lyu, Y. Xu, C. Yang, Effect of thermal ageing on physical properties of MX80 bentonite under high-temperature conditions, Engineering Geology, 308 (2022) 106822. [13] Y. Zhang, H. Qian, K. Hou, W. Qu, Investigating and predicting the temperature effects of permeability for loess, Engineering Geology, 285 (2021) 106050. [14] M. Amiri, M. Dehghani, M. Papi, Microstructure Evaluation of Thermal Stabilization Marls Case Study: Marl West Bandar Abbas, Ferdowsi civil engineering, 32(4) (2020) 67-86. [15] I.C. Attah, R.K. Etim, Experimental investigation on the effects of elevated temperature on geotechnical behaviour of tropical residual soils, SN Applied Sciences, 2(3) (2020) 1-16. [16] S. Park, S. Yoon, S. Kwon, M.-S. Lee, G.-Y. Kim, Temperature effect on the thermal and hydraulic conductivity of Korean bentonite buffer material, Progress in Nuclear Energy, 137 (2021) 103759. [17] H. Perusomula, S. Krishnaiah, Effect of elevated temperature on geotechnical properties of soils–A review, Materials Today: Proceedings, (2022). [18] T. Húlan, I. Štubňa, Young's modulus of kaolinite-illite mixtures during firing, Applied Clay Science, 190 (2020) 105584. [19] M. Amiri, B. Kalantari, F. Porhonar, The effect of thermal stabilization process on mineralogy, morphology and engineering properties of red soil in southern Iran, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 19 (2023) e02454. [20] P. Muñoz, V. Letelier, M. Bustamante, J. Marcos-Ortega, J. Sepúlveda, Assessment of mechanical, thermal, mineral and physical properties of fired clay brick made by mixing kaolinitic red clay and paper pulp residues, Applied Clay Science, 198 (2020) 105847. [21] A. Çelik, S. Kadir, S. Kapur, K. Zorlu, E. Akça, İ. Akşit, Z. Cebeci, The effect of high temperature minerals and microstructure on the compressive strength of bricks, Applied Clay Science, 169 (2019) 91-101. [22] G. Cultrone, F.J.C. Rosua, Growth of metastable phases during brick firing: Mineralogical and microtextural changes induced by the composition of the raw material and the presence of additives, Applied Clay Science, 185 (2020) 105419. [23] H.M. Abuel-Naga, D.T. Bergado, B.F. Lim, Effect of temperature on shear strength and yielding behavior of soft Bangkok clay, Soils and Foundations, 47(3) (2007) 423-436. [24] P.G. Nicholson, Admixture soil improvement, Soil improvement and ground modification methods, (2015) 231-288. [25] C.C. Goodman, N. Latifi, F. Vahedifard, Effects of temperature on microstructural properties of unsaturated clay, in: IFCEE 2018, 2018, pp. 343-352. [26] M. Amiri, B. Kalantari, M. Dehghani, F. Porhonar, M. Papi, R. Salehian, S. Taheri, Microstructural Investigation of Changes in Engineering Properties of Heated Lime-Stabilized Marl Soil, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, (2021) 1-29. [27] Y. Lu, J.S. McCartney, Free swelling behavior of MX80 bentonite under elevated temperatures up to 200° C, Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, 37 (2024) 100531. [28] ASTM, American society for Testing and Material, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2014. [29] D. Moore, R. Reynolds Jr, X‐Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals, 2nd edn Oxford University Press, New York, NY, (1997). [30] P.R. Hesse, A textbook of soil chemical analysis, William Clowes and Sons, 519p (1971). [31] V. Ouhadi, R. Yong, Experimental and theoretical evaluation of impact of clay microstructure on the quantitative mineral evaluation by XRD analysis, Elsevier Appl. Clay Sci. J, 23(1-4) (2003) 141-148. [32] R.T. Downs, K. Bartelmehs, G. Gibbs, M. Boisen, Interactive software for calculating and displaying X-ray or neutron powder diffractometer patterns of crystalline materials, American Mineralogist, 78(9-10) (1993) 1104-1107. [33] J.K. Mitchell, K. Soga, Fundamentals of soil behavior, John Wiley & Sons New York, 2005. [34] X. Chen, V. Achal, Effect of simulated acid rain on the stability of calcium carbonate immobilized by microbial carbonate precipitation, Journal of environmental management, 264 (2020) 110419. [35] D.A. Martyushev, S.K. Govindarajan, Y. Li, Y. Yang, Experimental study of the influence of the content of calcite and dolomite in the rock on the efficiency of acid treatment, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 208 (2022) 109770. [36] G.D. Saldi, C. Causserand, J. Schott, G. Jordan, Dolomite dissolution mechanisms at acidic pH: New insights from high resolution pH-stat and mixed-flow reactor experiments associated to AFM and TEM observations, Chemical Geology, 584 (2021) 120521. [37] J.J. Mulders, A.L. Harrison, J. Christ, E.H. Oelkers, Non-stoichiometric dissolution of sepiolite, Energy Procedia, 146 (2018) 74-80. [38] J.J. Mulders, E.H. Oelkers, An experimental study of sepiolite dissolution rates and mechanisms at 25° C, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 270 (2020) 296-312. [39] J. Ganor, J.L. Mogollón, A.C. Lasaga, The effect of pH on kaolinite dissolution rates and on activation energy, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59(6) (1995) 1037-1052. [40] J. Cama, V. Metz, J. Ganor, The effect of pH and temperature on kaolinite dissolution rate under acidic conditions, Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 66(22) (2002) 3913-3926. [41] S.A. Carroll-Webb, J.V. Walther, A surface complex reaction model for the pH-dependence of corundum and kaolinite dissolution rates, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 52(11) (1988) 2609-2623. [42] M. Amiri, M. Dehghani, T. Javadzadeh, S. Taheri, Effects of lead contaminants on engineering properties of Iranian marl soil from the microstructural perspective, Minerals Engineering, 176 (2022) 107310. [43] E. García-Romero, M. Suárez, Sepiolite–palygorskite: Textural study and genetic considerations, Applied Clay Science, 86 (2013) 129-144. [44] M. Momeni, M. Bayat, R. Ajalloeian, Laboratory investigation on the effects of pH-induced changes on geotechnical characteristics of clay soil, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 17(1) (2022) 188-196. [45] P.L. O'Brien, T.M. DeSutter, F.X. Casey, E. Khan, A.F. Wick, Thermal remediation alters soil properties–a review, Journal of environmental management, 206 (2018) 826-835. [46] N. Frini-Srasra, E. Srasra, Effect of heating on palygorskite and acid treated palygorskite properties, Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 44(1) (2008) 43-49. [47] E. Ike, Effect of ionic concentrations and ph on the Atterberg limit of cohesive soil, Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 26(1) (2020) 73-85. [48] M.R. Mosaddeghi, J. Abedi Koupai, M. Fatahizadeh, Effect of pore water pH on mechanical properties of clay soil, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79(3) (2020) 1461-1469. [49] I. Gratchev, I. Towhata, Stress–strain characteristics of two natural soils subjected to long-term acidic contamination, Soils and foundations, 53(3) (2013) 469-476. [50] H. Afrin, A review on different types soil stabilization techniques, International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 3(2) (2017) 19-24. [51] V.R. Ouhadi, M. Poorzaferani, Charactrization Change of Kaolinite And Bentonite Due to Heat treatment From Aspects, Sharif Journal of Civil Engineering, 2(30) (2014) 65-72. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 686 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 674 |
||