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An Overview of the Effects of High-Strength Reinforcement (HSR) on the Intermediate Moment-Resisting Frames | ||
| AUT Journal of Civil Engineering | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 1، شماره 2، اسفند 2017، صفحه 177-188 اصل مقاله (2.12 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22060/ceej.2017.12406.5207 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| A. Kheyroddin* ؛ H. Arshadi؛ F. Binaipur | ||
| Department of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Increasing volume of constructions and necessity of having economic structures lead to the production of high-strength reinforcement (HSR). HSRs have many benefits; however, because of limitation in producing ductile HSR and the effect of HSR in the reduction of overall ductility of reinforced concrete structures, its application has been limited in seismic prone areas especially in special Reinforced concrete(RC) moment-resisting frames. In this research, the effect of HSR application on drifts, displacements, and quantity of consumed steel are studied by the linear static analysis, and also the base shear and proportionate displacements to them are studied by the nonlinear static analysis (Pushover) with ETABS software (for nine models with different numbers of stories and grades of steel). Then, the tensile strains of beams’ ends which can be a representation of cracking phenomenon in concrete are acquired conducting nonlinear dynamic analysis with Opensees. Ultimately, it is shown that although HSRs have economic benefits, they increase displacements and drifts. To compensate this issue, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of members by increasing steel quantity or dimension of members. This is a serious challenge because it neutralizes steel consumption reduction. It is also shown that by substituting the reinforcement bars for higher grade ones: the level of tensile stress in concrete alongside with the tolerated displacement in order to enter the nonlinear stage in Pushover analysis increases. Moreover, the less the grades of steel, the fewer shears are tolerated by structures. | ||
تازه های تحقیق | ||
[1] A. Lepage, H. Tavallali, S., Pujol, and J. Rautenberg, Towards Earthquake-Resistant, Concrete Structures with Ultra-High-Strength Steel Reinforcement, in: 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Beijing, 2008. [2] ACI, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-08); American Concrete Institute,Inc, Michigan, 2008. [3] A. Kheyroddin, and H. Arshadi, Investigation on the seismic consideration of the application of High- Strength Reinforcements (HSRs) in earthquake resisting structures, in: The First International Conference of Civil Engineering, Iran, 2016 (in Persian). [4] A. Kheyroddin, H. Arshadi, Investigation on the application of High-Strength Reinforcements (HSRs) in special moment resisting frames, in: The First International Conference of Civil Engineering, Iran, 2016 (in Persian). [5] NIST, Use of High-Strength Reinforcement for Earthquake Resistance of Concrete Structures, NIST GCR Report 13-917-30. Prepared by the Applied Technology Council for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 2015. [6] AASHTO, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (4th Edition, 2008 and 2009 Interim); American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Inc, 2007. [7] E.G. Nawy, Crack Control in Reinforced Concrete Structures, Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 65 (1968), 825-838. [8] H. Tavallali, Cyclic Response of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Ultrahigh Strength Steel, Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 2011. [9] J.I. Restrepo, F.Seible, B.Stephan, and M.J Schoettler, Seismic testing of bridge columns incorporating high-performance materials, ACI Structural Journal, 103(4) (2006), 496-504. [10] B. M Shahrooz, A.Soltani, and K. A. Harris, Bond and Serviceability Characterization of Concrete Reinforced with High Strength Steel, Ph.D. thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2010. [11] A. Kheyroddin and A. R. Mortezaei, The effect of element size and plastic hinge characteristics on nonlinear analysis of RC frames, Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B, Engineering, 32(5) (2008), 451-470. [12] BHRC, The Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings(the fourth edition); Road, Housing and Urban Development Research center, 2015. (in Persian) [13] ACI, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-14); American Concrete Institute, Inc, 2014. [14] ASCE, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit Of Existing Buildings (ASCE SEI 41-17), American Society of Civil Engineers, Inc, 2017. [15] A. Hemmati, A. Kheyroddin, M. Sharbatdar, Y. Park and A. Abolmaali, Ductile behavior of High-performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) frames, Journal of Construction and Building Materials, (2016), 681-689. [16] Z. Wang, J. Wang, T Liu, and F. Zhang, Modeling seismic performance of high-strength steel–ultra-high performance concrete piers with modified Kent–Park model using fiber elements, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 8(2) (2016), 1–14. [17] G. Chang and J. Mander, Seismic energy based fatigue damage analysis of bridge columns, Part I—evaluation of seismic capacity, NCEER technical report 94-0006, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER), Buffalo, NY, 1994. [18] M. Y.Mohd Hisham, Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete structures under monotonic and cyclic loads. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1994. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| High-strength reinforcement (HSR)؛ displacement؛ Pushover؛ Non-linear Dynamic Analysis؛ Strain | ||
| موضوعات | ||
| رفتار لرزه ای سازه بتنی | ||
| مراجع | ||
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[1] A. Lepage, H. Tavallali, S., Pujol, and J. Rautenberg, Towards Earthquake-Resistant, Concrete Structures with Ultra-High-Strength Steel Reinforcement, in: 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Beijing, 2008.
[2] ACI, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-08); American Concrete Institute,Inc, Michigan, 2008.
[3] A. Kheyroddin, and H. Arshadi, Investigation on the seismic consideration of the application of High- Strength Reinforcements (HSRs) in earthquake resisting structures, in: The First International Conference of Civil Engineering, Iran, 2016 (in Persian).
[4] A. Kheyroddin, H. Arshadi, Investigation on the application of High-Strength Reinforcements (HSRs) in special moment resisting frames, in: The First International Conference of Civil Engineering, Iran, 2016 (in Persian).
[5] NIST, Use of High-Strength Reinforcement for Earthquake Resistance of Concrete Structures, NIST GCR Report 13-917-30. Prepared by the Applied Technology Council for the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 2015.
[6] AASHTO, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (4th Edition, 2008 and 2009 Interim); American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Inc, 2007.
[7] E.G. Nawy, Crack Control in Reinforced Concrete Structures, Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 65 (1968), 825-838.
[8] H. Tavallali, Cyclic Response of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Ultrahigh Strength Steel, Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania State University, 2011.
[9] J.I. Restrepo, F.Seible, B.Stephan, and M.J Schoettler, Seismic testing of bridge columns incorporating high-performance materials, ACI Structural Journal, 103(4) (2006), 496-504.
[10] B. M Shahrooz, A.Soltani, and K. A. Harris, Bond and Serviceability Characterization of Concrete Reinforced with High Strength Steel, Ph.D. thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2010.
[11] A. Kheyroddin and A. R. Mortezaei, The effect of element size and plastic hinge characteristics on nonlinear analysis of RC frames, Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B, Engineering, 32(5) (2008), 451-470.
[12] BHRC, The Iranian Code of Practice for Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings(the fourth edition); Road, Housing and Urban Development Research center, 2015. (in Persian)
[13] ACI, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary (ACI 318-14); American Concrete Institute, Inc, 2014.
[14] ASCE, Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit Of Existing Buildings (ASCE SEI 41-17), American Society of Civil Engineers, Inc, 2017.
[15] A. Hemmati, A. Kheyroddin, M. Sharbatdar, Y. Park and A. Abolmaali, Ductile behavior of High-performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) frames, Journal of Construction and Building Materials, (2016), 681-689.
[16] Z. Wang, J. Wang, T Liu, and F. Zhang, Modeling seismic performance of high-strength steel–ultra-high performance concrete piers with modified Kent–Park model using fiber elements, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 8(2) (2016), 1–14.
[17] G. Chang and J. Mander, Seismic energy based fatigue damage analysis of bridge columns, Part I—evaluation of seismic capacity, NCEER technical report 94-0006, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER), Buffalo, NY, 1994. [18] M. Y.Mohd Hisham, Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete structures under monotonic and cyclic loads. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1994. | ||
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