پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 7 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 399 |
| تعداد مقالات | 5,385 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 5,227,714 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 4,832,169 |
بررسی عددی اثر جنس و ضخامت پوسته در مکانیک برخورد کلاه ایمنی موتورسیکلت | ||
| نشریه مهندسی مکانیک امیرکبیر | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 53، شماره 2، اردیبهشت 1400، صفحه 687-708 اصل مقاله (1.19 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22060/mej.2020.16512.6379 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مجتبی قاسم زاده مقدم1؛ سیدعلی هاشمیان* 2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی / دانشگاه حکیمسبزواری، سبزوار | ||
| 2دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری-دانشکده فنی و مهندسی- گروه مهندسی مکانیک | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در تصادفات موتورسیکلت، شتاب وارد بر سر ناشی از برخورد، خطر بسیار زیادی برای سلامتی موتورسوار و سرنشینان دارد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از مدل اجزاء محدود به تحلیل دینامیکی برخورد مجموعه کلاه ایمنی شامل سر، پوسته، فوم، بالشتک و بند پارچهای برای بررسی اثر ضخامت و جنس پوسته بر معیار آسیب سر (اچآیسی) پرداخته شده است. کلاه ایمنی از نوع جلوباز با در نظرگرفتن سه جنس رایج انتخاب شد. در بیشتر تصادفات در لحظه برخورد سر با زمین، نحوه قرارگیری سر بهصورت مایل میباشد. در مدل شبیهسازی شده این مقاله، در برخورد نیز سر بهصورت مایل قرار گرفته است. نتایج بهدست آمده از این تحقیق با نتایج آزمایشات تجربی و مقالات معتبر تایید شدهاند. نتایج شبیهسازی نشان میدهد که ضخامت بهینهای برای کلاه ایمنی صرفنظر از جنس آن وجود دارد. برای تعیین ضخامت بهینه باید مصالحهای بین پارامترهای مختلفی چون معیار آسیب سر، شکست پوسته، وزن و قیمت انجام شود. طبق نتایج بهدست آمده، در صورتیکه ضخامت افزایش یابد، وزن کلاه و دامنه تغییرات شتاب وارد بر سر افزایش یافته و همچنین احتمال شکست پوسته کاهش مییابد. در صورتیکه با کاهش ضخامت، علیرغم کاهش شتاب وارد بر سر، تنش ایجاد شده در پوسته افزایش یافته و منجر به شکست آن میشود. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| کلاه ایمنی؛ روش اجزاء محدود؛ برخورد مایل؛ معیار آسیب سر؛ آزمایش ضربه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Shell Material and Thickness on the Mechanics of Motorcycle Helmets Impact | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mojtaba Ghasemzadeh Moghadam1؛ Seyed Ali Hashemian2 | ||
| 1BSc Student / Hakim Sabzevari University | ||
| 2دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری-دانشکده فنی و مهندسی- گروه مهندسی مکانیک | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In motorcycle accidents, the acceleration caused by the collision has a huge risk to the health of the motorcyclists and passengers. In this study, the finite element method was used for dynamic analysis of impact mechanics to predict the effect of the shell material and thickness on the head injury criteria of the helmeted head (including head, shell, foam, comfortable foam and strap). The open-face helmet, including three current market materials, were selected. Head orientation, in most accidents, at the collision moment is oblique. In the simulated impact model, the head is also placed obliquely. The results of this study are validated by the experimental results and valid published data. The simulation results show that there is an optimum thickness for the helmet shell regardless of its material. In order to determine the optimum thickness, there must be compromises between the various parameters such as head injury criteria, shell failure, weight, and price. According to the results obtained for the shell thickness, if the thickness increases, the weight and range of acceleration increase while the probability of shell failure decreases. If the thickness decreases, despite decreasing the acceleration in the head, the stress in the shell increases that leads to failure. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Motorcycle helmet, Finite element method, Oblique impact, Head injury criteria, Impact test | ||
|
سایر فایل های مرتبط با مقاله
|
||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] W.H.O.D.o. Violence, I. Prevention, W.H.O. Violence, W.H. Organization, Global status report on road safety: time for action, World Health Organization, 2009. [2] M. Peden, R. Scurfield, D. Sleet, D. Mohan, A.A. Hyder, E. Jarawan, C.D. Mathers, World report on road traffic injury prevention, in, World Health Organization Geneva, 2004. [3] M. Koornstra, J. Broughton, R. Esberger, C. Glansdorp, W. Köppel, F. Taylor, J. Cauzard, A. Evans, L. Hantula, M. Piers, Transport safety performance in the EU: a statistical overview, European Transport Safety Council, Brussels, Belgium, 32 (2003). [4] M. Toma, F. Njilie, M. Ghajari, U. Galvanetto, Assessing motorcycle crash-related head injuries using finite element simulations, International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 9(3) (2010) 143-152. [5] A. Afshari, S. Rajaai, Finite element simulations investigating the role of the helmet in reducing head injuries, International Journal of Simulation Modelling (IJSIMM), 7(1) (2008). [6] P.K. Pinnoji, P. Mahajan, Analysis of impact-induced damage and delamination in the composite shell of a helmet, Materials & design, 31(8) (2010) 3716-3723. [7] N.J. Mills, A. Gilchrist, The effectiveness of foams in bicycle and motorcycle helmets, Accident; analysis and prevention, 23(2-3) (1991) 153-163. [8] A.G. Monea, I. Verpoest, J. Vander Sloten, G. Van der Perre, J. Goffin, B. Depreitere, Assessment of relative brain-skull motion in quasistatic circumstances by magnetic resonance imaging, Journal of neurotrauma, 29(13) (2012) 2305-2317. [9] N. Yoganandan, F.A. Pintar, J. Zhang, T.A. Gennarelli, N. Beuse, Biomechanical aspects of blunt and penentrating head injuries, in: IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications, Springer, 2005, pp. 173-184. [10] M. Richter, D. Otte, U. Lehmann, B. Chinn, E. Schuller, D. Doyle, K. Sturrock, C. Krettek, Head injury mechanisms in helmet-protected motorcyclists: prospective multicenter study, Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 51(5) (2001) 949-958. [11] N. Bourdet, S. Mojumder, S. Piantini, C. Deck, M. Pierini, R. Willinger, Proposal of a new motorcycle helmet test method for tangential impact, in: Proc. of the International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts, 2016, pp. 503-504. [12] M. Salay Naderi, G.B. Ghare Patian, M. Abedi, An Accurate Method For Estimation of Series and Parallel Resistance in Detailed Model of Power Transformer Using Impulse Test Results, AUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 30(2) 2003, 2-2 (persian) [13] A. Gilchrist, N. Mills, Modelling of the impact response of motorcycle helmets, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 15(3) (1994) 201-218. [14] S.M.R Khalili, N. Mohammadpanah, Dyamic Response of Fiber Composite With Pre-Stresses Under Transverse Impact, AUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 36(1) 2005, 38-38 (persian) [15] S. Sadeghnejad, Y. Taraz Jamshidi, M. Sadighi, On the Low-Velocity Impact and Quasi-Static Indentation Studies of Nomex™ Honeycomb Composite Sandwich Panels, AUT Journal of Mechanical Engineering, (2018) -. [16] H. van den Bosch, M. Leensen, A. Sauren, Modelling and specifications for an improved helmet design, Master thesis, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 1998. [17] M. Aiello, U. Galvanetto, L. Iannucci, Numerical simulations of motorcycle helmet impact tests, International journal of crashworthiness, 12(1) (2007) 1-7. [18] A. Cernicchi, U. Galvanetto, L. Iannucci, Virtual modelling of safety helmets: practical problems, International journal of crashworthiness, 13(4) (2008) 451-467. [19] T. Erhardt, T. Rice, L. Troszak, M. Zhu, Motorcycle helmet type and the risk of head injury and neck injury during motorcycle collisions in California, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 86 (2016) 23-28. [20] M. Ghajari, U. Galvanetto, L. Iannucci, R. Willinger, Influence of the body on the response of the helmeted head during impact, International journal of crashworthiness, 16(3) (2011) 285-295. [21] N.J. Mills, S. Wilkes, S. Derler, A. Flisch, FEA of oblique impact tests on a motorcycle helmet, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36(7) (2009) 913-925. [22] T.A. Gennarelli, L.E. Thibault, J.H. Adams, D.I. Graham, C.J. Thompson, R.P. Marcincin, Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate, Annals of Neurology: Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society, 12(6) (1982) 564-574. [23] F. Fernandes, R.A. De Sousa, Motorcycle helmets—A state of the art review, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 56 (2013) 1-21. [24] C. Deck, R. Willinger, D. Baumgartner, Helmet optimisation based on head-helmet modelling, WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 67 (2003). [25] V.A. Bellora, R. Krauss, L. Van Poolen, Meeting interior head impact requirements: A basic scientific approach, SAE transactions, (2001) 383-408. [26] V. Tinard, C. Deck, R. Willinger, New methodology for improvement of helmet performances during impacts with regards to biomechanical criteria, Materials & design, 37 (2012) 79-88. [27] M. Aare, S. Kleiven, P. Halldin, Injury tolerances for oblique impact helmet testing, International journal of crashworthiness, 9(1) (2004) 15-23. [28] A.L. DeMarco, D.D. Chimich, J.C. Gardiner, R.W. Nightingale, G.P. Siegmund, The impact response of motorcycle helmets at different impact severities, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6) (2010) 1778-1784. [29] H. Taghipoor, M. Damghani Noori, Topology Optimization Study in Energy Absorption of Lattice-core Sandwich Beams under Three-point Bending Test, Modares Mechanical Engineering, 18(4) (2018) 163-173.(Persian) [30] F. Shuaeib, A. Hamouda, M. Hamdan, R.R. Umar, M. Hashmi, Motorcycle helmet: Part II. Materials and design issues, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 123(3) (2002) 422-431. [31] H. Taghipoor, M.D. Noori, Experimental and numerical study on energy absorption of lattice-core sandwich beam, Steel Compos Struct, 27 (2018) 135-147. [32] D.-S. Liu, Y.-T. Chen, A Finite Element Investigation into the Impact Performance of an Open-Face Motorcycle Helmet with Ventilation Slots, Applied Sciences, 7(3) (2017) 279. [33] V. Kostopoulos, Y. Markopoulos, G. Giannopoulos, D. Vlachos, Finite element analysis of impact damage response of composite motorcycle safety helmets, Composites Part B: Engineering, 33(2) (2002) 99-107. [34] N.J. Mills, Polymer foams handbook : engineering and biomechanics applications and design guide, 1st ed., Butterworth Heinemann, Amsterdam ; Boston, 2007. [35] N. Mills, Finite element models for the viscoelasticity of open-cell polyurethane foam, Cellular polymers, 25(5) (2006) 293-316. [36] F.A. Fernandes, R.A. de Sousa, Finite element analysis of helmeted oblique impacts and head injury evaluation with a commercial road helmet, Struct. Eng. Mech, 48(5) (2013) 661-679. [37] N. Mills, R. Ward, The biomechanics of motorcycle helmet retention, in: Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference, International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury, 1985, pp. 117-128. [38] L.-T. Chang, C.-H. Chang, G.-L. Chang, Fit effect of motorcycle helmet, JSME International Journal Series A Solid Mechanics and Material Engineering, 44(1) (2001) 185-192. [39] M.C. Beusenberg, R. Happee, An experimental evaluation of crash helmet design and effectiveness in standard impact tests, in: Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury conference, International Research Council on Biomechanics of Injury, 1993, pp. 307-323. [40] P.K. Pinnoji, P. Mahajan, N. Bourdet, C. Deck, R.m. Willinger, Impact dynamics of metal foam shells for motorcycle helmets: Experiments & numerical modeling, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37(3) (2010) 274-284. [41] M. Holmes, Q. Al-Khayatt, Structural properties of grp, Composites, 6(4) (1975) 157-165. [42] L. Kollár, E. Dulácska, Buckling of shells for engineers, John Wiley & Sons, 1984. [43] BS:6658, Institution British Standard, in: Protective helmets for vehicle users, London, 1985. [44] C.-Y. Chang, C.-H. Ho, S.-Y. Chang, Design of a Helmet, ME Report 499/599 (2003). [45] J.O. Hallquist, LS-DYNA3D Theoretical Manual, Technology Corp., 1993. [46] J. Zhang, N. Kikuchi, V. Li, A. Yee, G. Nusholtz, Constitutive modeling of polymeric foam material subjected to dynamic crash loading, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 21(5) (1998) 369-386.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 746 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 739 |
||
