پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 7 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 406 |
| تعداد مقالات | 5,432 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 5,612,980 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,050,725 |
مطالعه اثربخشی ترکیب الیاف و نانو ژئوپلیمر بر پایه پسماندهای صنعتی در بهبود مشخصات مکانیکی و افزایش دوام خاک‌‌های به شدت تورمی | ||
| نشریه مهندسی عمران امیرکبیر | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 56، شماره 12، 1403، صفحه 1487-1510 اصل مقاله (1.86 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22060/ceej.2024.23367.8151 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد علی پاشاباوندپوری1؛ امیررضا گودرزی* 2؛ سید حمید لاجوردی1 | ||
| 1گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پتانسیل زیاد تغییر حجم رس‌‌های تورمی می‌‌تواند سبب مشکلات فراوانی برای سازه‌‌های مهندسی شده لذا مقابله با این خاک‌‌ها، جزء اولویت‌‌های مهم در پروژه‌‌های عمرانی بشمار می‌‌رود. از دیگر سو، با وجود گستردگی استفاده از تثبیت‌‌کننده‌‌های سنتی (مانند آهک) برای اصلاح رفتار خاک‌‌های منبسط‌‌شونده، ولی این رویکرد با چالش‌‌های متعدد فنی، اقتصادی و زیست‌‌محیطی مواجه است. بر این اساس، هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارائه یک راهبرد جدید به منظور رفع و یا کاهش محدودیت‌‌های فوق می‌‌باشد. در این راستا، عملکرد نوعی نانو ژئوپلیمر مرکب (SNZBG) مبتنی بر پسماندهای صنعتی (حاوی سرباره فولادسازی و نانو ذرات دارای سطوح فعال آلومینوسیلیکات) برای اصلاح مشخصات مهندسی یک رس با قابلیت تورم بسیار زیاد (حدود 160%) و بهبود دوام آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور آهک تنها، SNZBG و ترکیب آن با الیاف، در مقادیر صفر تا 20% وزنی بطور مجزا به خاک اضافه و سپس مجموعه‌‌ای از آزمایش‌‌های مختلف بر روی نمونه‌‌ها صورت پذیرفت. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد حضور صرفاً 12% آهک تنها، پس از 7 روز عمل‌‌آوری می‌‌تواند سبب کنترل تورم شده؛ اگرچه بهبود پارامترهای مکانیکی مصالح و رسیدن به آستانه مقاومت لازم بر اساس شاخص‌‌های بین‌‌المللی نیازمند مقادیر قابل ملاحظه (حدود 20%) افزودنی و زمان زیاد (حداقل 28 روز) نگهداری می‌‌باشد. همچنین مشخص گردید شرایط محیطی مهاجم (شامل دوره‌‌های مکرر یخ و ذوب، F-T)، سبب تخریب جامدشدگی ساختار و در نهایت زوال شدید (بعضاً تا 90%) خصوصیات مهندسی مصالح تثبیت شده با آهک خواهد شد. در مقابل، بهسازی با ژئوپلیمر پیشنهادی، ضمن کاهش 4 برابری زمان عمل‌‌آوری و آهک مورد نیاز برای اصلاح موفق خاک، سبب افزایش دوام نمونه‌‌ها تا 2 برابر می‌‌شود. با استناد به نتایج آنالیزهای ریزساختاری، دلایل ارتقاء رفتار مصالح حاوی SNZBG را می‌‌توان به قدرت بیشتر اتصال پولک‌‌های رسی به یکدیگر و کاهش تمایل آنها به جذب آب، ناشی از تشکیل نانوساختارهای مستحکم ژئوپلیمری و انسداد فیزیکی حفرات نسبت داد. از طرفی در سیستم اخیر، پاسخ تنش-کرنش همانند عملکرد آهک، عمدتاً به صورت شکست تُرد و با افت سریع مقاومت پسماند (خرابی کامل در کرنش حدود 2%) همراه است. مشاهده شد افزودن الیاف به مصالح تثبیت شده با SNZBG، نقش بسزایی در افزایش شکل‌‌پذیری ماتریکس خاک-ژئوپلیمر دارد. علت این بهبود عملکرد، هم‌‌افزایی تاثیر SNZBG و الیاف در ایجاد مسیرهای جدید انتقال تنش مابین ذرات (ساز و کار پل‌‌زدگی) و افزایش قفل و بست ساختار داخلی بواسطه تشکیل شبکه‌‌های سه بعدی درهم تنیده درون مصالح تعیین شد. بنحویکه در این سری از نمونه‌‌ها نسبت به نمونه‌‌های حاوی آهک تنها، علاوه بر رشد بیش از 2 برابری ظرفیت کششی، میزان خرابی در برابر چرخه مکرر F-T نیز تا 60% کاهش نشان داد. در مجموع بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه، می‌‌توان نتیجه گرفت اصلاح خاک‌‌های تورمی با نانو ژئوپلیمر SNZBG همراه الیاف، رویکردی نوین و بسیار اثربخش (پایا و دوست‌‌دار محیط‌‌‌‌زیست) نسبت به روش تثبیت سنتی محسوب می‌‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| خاک تورمی؛ آهک؛ شرایط محیطی مهاجم؛ ناپایداری ماتریکس؛ ترکیب SNZBG-الیاف؛ بهبود خصوصیات ژئومکانیکی | ||
| موضوعات | ||
| تثبیت خاک رسی؛ خاک مسلح؛ مکانیک خاک و پی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Coupling effects of fiber and nano-geopolymer on improving the mechanical performance of swelling soils | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Ali Pashabavandpouri1؛ Amir-reaz Goodarzi2؛ Seyed Hamid Lajevardi1 | ||
| 1Department of Civil Eng., College of Eng., Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran | ||
| 22Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Despite the widespread use of traditional calcium-based stabilizers (such as lime) for soil stabilization, adopting such a strategy may face significant challenges. Hence, this study assessed the effects of using an innovative nano-geopolymer (SNZBG) enhanced by polypropylene fiber on improving the geo-mechanical performance and durability of highly expansive clays. The experimental results showed that the addition of low contents of lime alone may have a relatively favorable influence in controlling the swelling potential of soil; however, the improvement of mechanical parameters requires considerable amounts of additives and long curing times. It was found that harsh conditions (including frequent periods of freezing and thawing, F-T) would lead to the destruction of soil structure and eventually the deterioration of engineering properties. In contrast, the application of the proposed geopolymer could not only diminish (by nearly 4 folds) the required lime and time of curing for successful modification of soil but also significantly increase the durability of the composites. Based on the outcomes of microstructural analyses, the improved performance upon the application of SNZBG can be attributed to enhanced solidification processes and a reduction in the tendency of clay surfaces to absorb water due to the increased formation of geopolymeric nanostructures and the generation of physically clogged fabric. However, in the SNZBG system, similar to the lime’s performance, there was a dramatic reduction in strength when subjected to increasing external loading (i.e., the brittle failure pattern). It was also found that the inclusion of fibers plays a significant role in enhancing the ductility of the soil-geopolymer matrix. This can be attributed to the bridging effect and formation of a well-intertwined matrix. The combined effect of SNZBG and fibers leads to a twofold increase in the tensile capacity as well as a significant reduction (up to 60%) in the degree of damage caused by the F-T action compared to lime-treated soil samples. In general, it can be concluded that the treatment of swelling clayey soils with SNZBG/fiber is an effective approach compared to the traditional stabilization method. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Expansive Soils, Lime Treatment, Harsh Conditions, Matrix Instability, SNZBG/Fiber, Improved Geo-Mechanical Performance | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
[1] J. Du, L. Zhang, Q. Hu, Q. Luo, D.P. Connolly, K. Liu, ... T. Wang, Characterization of controlled low-strength materials from waste expansive soils, Construction and Building Materials, 411 (2024) 134690. [2] M. SankaraNarayanan, S.A. Rajesh, A state-of-the-art review on sustainable chemical stabilizers for expansive soils, Indian Geotechnical Journal, (2024) 1-19. [3] M.A. Sakr, W.R. Azzam, M.A. Meguid, H.A. Ghoneim, Experimental study on the effect of micro-metakaolin on the strength and swelling characteristics of expansive soils, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 49 (2024) 5835-5852. [4] X. Jian, X. Zha, H. Zhang, J. Yang, Research on the damaging mechanisms of expansive soil in subgrade, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 31 (2024) 2362-2369. [5] S. Saride, V.N Mypati, Effect of area improvement ratio of geopolymer-based deep mixing columns on swell-shrink behavior of expansive soils, Construction and Building Materials, 417 (2024) 135163. [6] M. Mehmood, Y. Guo, Y. Liu, B.U. Uge, Modification of expansive soil characteristics by employing agro-waste eggshell powder: an experimental study. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 48 (2024) 2511-2526. [7] F.A. Gidebo, N. Kinoshita, H. Yasuhara, Optimization of physical and strength performance of cellulose-based fiber additives stabilized expansive soil, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 20 (2024) e02851. [8] C. Liu, K. Lu, Z. Wu, X. Liu, A. Garg, Y. Qin, ... C. Lv, Expansive soil improvement using industrial bagasse and low-alkali ecological cement, Construction and Building Materials, 423 (2024) 135806. [9] S.P. Shrirao, S.S. Bhosale, K.A. Patil, Performance evaluation of flexible pavement on HDPE fibre-reinforced expansive soil subgrade: A full-scale laboratory accelerated pavement study, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, (2024) 1-13. [10] Y. Abdolvand, M. Sadeghiamirshahidi, Soil stabilization with gypsum: A review, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, (2024) In Press. [11] I.T Bahmed, J. Khatti, K.S Grover, Hybrid soft computing models for predicting unconfined compressive strength of lime stabilized soil using strength property of virgin cohesive soil, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 83 (2024) 46. [12] T. Ahmadullah, M. Chrysochoou, Relationship between strength development and pozzolanic reactions in lime stabilized kaolinite, International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 15 (2024) 11. [13] J. Nan, D. Chang, J. Liu, H. Chen, J.S Lee, S.Y. Kim, Investigation on the microstructural characteristics of lime-stabilized soil after freeze-thaw cycles, Transportation Geotechnics, 44 (2024) 101175. [14] M.R. Abdi, M. Hajalilue Bonab, Z. Jalilzadeh, Impact of various binders on loess durability subjected to different freeze-thaw regimes, European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 28 (2024) 1924-1942. [15] M. Salimi, M. Payan, I. Hosseinpour, M. Arabani, P.Z. Ranjbar, Effect of glass fiber (GF) on the mechanical properties and freeze-thaw (FT) durability of lime-nanoclay (NC)-stabilized marl clayey soil, Construction and Building Materials, 416 (2024) 135227. [16] M. Safa, A.R. Goodarzi, B. Lorestani, Effect of zeolite and fibers on the geo-mechanical properties of cemented soil under the freeze-thaw cycles, Modares Civil Engineering journal, 22 (2022) 89-105 (In Persian) [17] M. Rozbahani, A.R. Goodarzi, S.H. Lajevardi, Performance of fiber and industrial wastes in enhancing soil stabilization process compared to cement, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 56 (2024) 163-180. [18] M. Movahedrad, A.R. Goodarzi, M. Salimi, Effect of basic oxygen furnace slag incorporation into calcium-based materials on solidification/stabilization of a zinc-contaminated kaolin clay, Environmental Earth Sciences, 81 (2022) 461. [19] M. Safa, A.R. Goodarzi, B. Lorestani, Enhanced post freeze-thaw stability of Zn/Pb co-contaminated soil through MgO-activated steel slag and fiber treatment, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 210 (2023) 103826. [20] M. Rozbahani, A.R. Goodarzi, S.H. Lajevardi, Coupling effect of superfine zeolite and fiber on enhancing the long-term performance of stabilized/solidified Pb-contaminated clayey soils, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30 (2023) 4203-4218. [21] R. Yousefi, A.A. Amooei, A.R. Karimi, M. Amel Sakhi, Laboratory study on the effect of sawdust ash and zeolite replacement on sandy soil stabilized by cement, Sharif journal civil enginerring, 37 (2022) 15-25. (In Persian) . [22] S. Ghaffary A.R. Goodarzi, S. Sobhan Ardakani, M. Cheraghi, R. Marandi, Effectiveness of industrial wastes-based geopolymers in improving the durability of stabilized/solidified heavy metal polluted soil, Modares Civil Engineering journal, 24 (2024) 161-178. (In Persian) [23] A.R. Goodarzi, H. Akbari, Impact of lime-slags combination on the hydro-mechanical behavior of clayey soils, Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 49 (2019) 97-108. (In Persian) [24] A.R., Goodarzi, M. Zamanian, M. (2018). Effect of SiO2 Nanoparticles and cement on the performance of stabilized Ni-Contaminated clayey soils, Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering, 49 (2018) 821-830. (In Persian) [25] J. Li, Y. Shan, P. Ni, J. Cui, Y. Li, J. Zhou, Mechanics, durability, and microstructure analysis of marine soil stabilized by an eco-friendly calcium carbide residue-activated coal gangue geopolymer, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 20 (2024) e02687. [26] A. Saygili, M. Dayan, Freeze-thaw behavior of lime stabilized clay reinforced with silica fume and synthetic fibers, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 161 (2019) 107-114. [27] M.R. Yabaluie Khamesluei, M. Bayat, M. Mousivand, M.A. Nozari, Effect of zeolite replacement and tyre fibre inclusions on geotechnical properties of cement-or lime-stabilised sand, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, (2024) 1-16. [28] S. Dhakal, P. Kolay, V. Puri, Durability of clayey soil stabilized with calcium sulfoaluminate cement and polypropylene fiber under extreme environment, Transportation Geotechnics, 44 (2024) 101164. [29] A.H. Vakili, M. Salimi, Y. Lu, M. Shamsi, Z. Nazari, Strength and post-freeze-thaw behavior of a marl soil modified by lignosulfonate and polypropylene fiber: an environmentally friendly approach, Construction and Building Materials, 332 (2022) 127364. [30] A.R. Goodarzi, M. Salimi, Stabilization treatment of a dispersive clayey soil using granulated blast furnace slag and basic oxygen furnace slag, Applied Clay Science, 108 (2015) 61-69. [31] A. Anburuvel, The role of activators in geopolymer-based stabilization for road construction: a state-of-the-art review. Multiscale and Multidisciplinary Modeling, Experiments and Design, 6 (2023) 41-59. [32] Y. Bai, W. Guo, Q. Zhao, N. Zhang, C. Xue, S. Wang, Y. Song, Performance deterioration of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash-based geopolymer under sulfuric acid attack, Construction and Building Materials, 391 (2023) 131847. [33] K. Sharma, A. Kumar, Utilization of Industrial Waste Based Geopolymers as A Soil Stabilizer-A review, Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 5 (2023) 97. [34] P. Zheng, W. Li, Q. Ma, L. Xi, Mechanical properties of phosphogypsum-soil stabilized by lime activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag, Construction and Building Materials, 402 (2023) 132994. [35] M.T., de Araújo, S.T. Ferrazzo, H.M. Chaves, C.G. da Rocha, N.C. Consoli, Mechanical behavior, mineralogy, and microstructure of alkali-activated wastes-based binder for a clayey soil stabilization, Construction and Building Materials, 362 (2023) 129757. [36] S.R. Abdila, M.M.A.B. Abdullah, R. Ahmad, D.D Burduhos Nergis, S.Z.A. Rahim, M.F. Omar, & a. Syafwandi. Potential of soil stabilization using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash via geopolymerization method: A review, Materials, 15 (2022) 375. [37] K. Chen, D. Wu, Z. Zhang, C. Pan, X. Shen, L. Xia, J. Zang, Modeling and optimization of fly ash-slag-based geopolymer using response surface method and its application in soft soil stabilization, Construction and Building Materials, 315 (2022) 125723. [38] B. Li, F. Luo, X. Li, J. Liu, Mechanical properties evolution of clays treated with rice husk ash subjected to freezing-thawing cycles, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 20 (2024) e02712. [39] A. Boz, A. Sezer, Influence of fiber type and content on freeze-thaw resistance of fiber reinforced lime stabilized clay, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 151 (2018) 359-366. [40] A. Janalizadeh Choobbasti, F. Farrokhzad, A. Nadimi, S. Soleimani Kutanaei, Effects of copper sludge on cemented clay using ultrasonic pulse velocity. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 33 (2019) 433-444. [41] A. Kampala, S. Horpibulsuk, N. Prongmanee, A. Chinkulkijniwat, Influence of wet-dry cycles on compressive strength of calcium carbide residue-fly ash stabilized clay, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 26 (2014) 633-643. [42] D. Barman, S.K. Dash, Stabilization of expansive soils using chemical additives: A review, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 14 (2022) 1319-1342. [43] Q. Jiang, Y. He, Y. Wu, B. Dian, J. Zhang, T. Li, M. Jiang, Solidification/stabilization of soil heavy metals by alkaline industrial wastes: A critical review, Environmental Pollution, 312 (2022) 120094. [44] G. Tebaldi, M. Orazi, U.S. Orazi, Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on mechanical behavior of lime-stabilized soil. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28 (2016) 06016002. [45] M. Ismeik, F. Shaqour, Effectiveness of lime in stabilising subgrade soils subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, Road Materials and Pavement Design, 21 (2020) 42-60. [46] F. Najafian Jazi, S.M. Mir Mohammad Hosseini, O. Ghasemi-Fare, T.D. Rockaway, Experimental evaluation of stress history effect on compressibility characteristics of lime-stabilized expansive soils, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, (2024) 1-14. [47] A.R. Goodarzi, A.H. Moradloo, A. Effect of curing temperature and SiO2-nanoparticles on the engineering properties of lime treated expansive soil. Modares civil engineering journal, 17 (2017) 8-18. (In Persian) [48] B. Karki, P.K. Kolay, Modification of Bentonite Clay Using Recycled Glass Powder and Polypropylene Fiber, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, (2024) 1-14. [49] M.V. Gaikwad, S.K. Singh, N.T. Suryavanshi, K.P. Survase, S.R. Yadav, M.C. Pujari, O.S. Basate, Reviewing the enhancement of expansive soil through different waste material blending. World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, 11 (2024), 158-166. [50] M.F. Yazici, S.N. Keskin, Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Clay Soil and Development of Predictive Models: Effects of Fiber Length and Fiber Content, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, (2024) 1-19. [51] S. Sert, E. Arslan, P. Ocakbaşı, E. Ekinci, Z. Garip, A. Özocak, ... C.P. Ndepete, Stabilization of Expansive Clays with Basalt Fibers and Prediction of Strength by Machine Learning, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, (2024) 1-20. [52] H. Shu, Q. Yu, C. Niu, D. Sun, Q. Wang, The coupling effects of wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles on the mechanical properties of saline soil synergistically solidified with sulfur-free lignin, basalt fiber and hydrophobic polymer, Catena, 238 (2024) 107832. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 502 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 393 |
||